Composer’s Note:

The Symphony No. 4 was begun in June of 2020, well into the pandemic, completed in November, and is perhaps the most unsettling of the three. Not only was the pandemic raging, but I also had to deal with the matters leading up to the 2020 election, which was a tense period for nearly all Americans. I think that the prevailing mood is one of uncertainty and emotional turmoil. This is the longest off the three at about 26-27 minutes.